[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]

dam-l Mail delivery failed: returning message to sender



This message was created automatically by mail delivery software.

A message that you sent could not be delivered to all of its recipients. The
following address(es) failed:

  jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com:
    SMTP error from remote mailer after end of data:
    host mc2.law5.hotmail.com [216.32.243.135]:
    554 Transaction failed

------ This is a copy of the message, including all the headers. ------

Return-path: <dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca>
Received: from soas-hub.soas.ac.uk ([193.63.73.201] helo=soas.ac.uk)
	by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k9DP-0004tI-00
	for jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:33:39 +0100
Received: from SOAS-HUB/SpoolDir by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47);
    25 Apr 00 18:32:53 GMT
Received: from SpoolDir by SOAS-HUB (Mercury 1.47); 25 Apr 00 18:32:36 GMT
Received: from SOAS-HUB/SpoolDir by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47)
  for <jm@soas.ac.uk>;  25 Apr 00 18:32:36 GMT
Resent-from: jm@soas.ac.uk
Resent-to: jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com
Resent-Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:32:36 GMT
X-Autoforward: 1
Received: from mrelay1.soas.ac.uk (193.63.73.38) by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47) with ESMTP;
    25 Apr 00 18:32:26 GMT
Received: from lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca ([209.151.24.2] ident=root)
	by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k9Cw-0004tB-00
	for jm@soas.ac.uk; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:33:10 +0100
Received: from [[UNIX: localhost]] ([[UNIX: localhost]])
	by lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca (8.8.7/8.8.8) id NAA04495
	for dam-l-outgoing; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 13:30:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from mrelay1.soas.ac.uk (mrelay1.soas.ac.uk [193.63.73.38])
	by lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca (8.8.7/8.8.8) with ESMTP id NAA04490
	for <dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca>; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 13:30:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from exim by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with local (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k9AO-0004sj-00
	for dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:30:32 +0100
X-Failed-Recipients: jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com
From: Mail Delivery System <Mailer-Daemon@soas.ac.uk>
To: dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Subject: dam-l Mail delivery failed: returning message to sender
Message-Id: <E12k9AO-0004sj-00@mrelay1.soas.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:30:32 +0100
Sender: owner-dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Resent-Message-Id: <E12k9DP-0004tI-00@mrelay1.soas.ac.uk>

This message was created automatically by mail delivery software.

A message that you sent could not be delivered to all of its recipients. The
following address(es) failed:

  jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com:
    SMTP error from remote mailer after end of data:
    host mc2.law5.hotmail.com [216.32.243.135]:
    554 Transaction failed

------ This is a copy of the message, including all the headers. ------

Return-path: <dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca>
Received: from soas-hub.soas.ac.uk ([193.63.73.201] helo=soas.ac.uk)
	by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k95E-0004qw-00
	for jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:25:12 +0100
Received: from SOAS-HUB/SpoolDir by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47);
    25 Apr 00 18:24:26 GMT
Received: from SpoolDir by SOAS-HUB (Mercury 1.47); 25 Apr 00 18:24:09 GMT
Received: from SOAS-HUB/SpoolDir by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47)
  for <jm@soas.ac.uk>;  25 Apr 00 18:23:58 GMT
Resent-from: jm@soas.ac.uk
Resent-to: jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com
Resent-Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:23:58 GMT
X-Autoforward: 1
Received: from mrelay1.soas.ac.uk (193.63.73.38) by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47) with ESMTP;
    25 Apr 00 18:23:49 GMT
Received: from lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca ([209.151.24.2] ident=root)
	by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k94b-0004qX-00
	for jm@soas.ac.uk; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:24:34 +0100
Received: from [[UNIX: localhost]] ([[UNIX: localhost]])
	by lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca (8.8.7/8.8.8) id NAA04332
	for dam-l-outgoing; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 13:22:01 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from mrelay1.soas.ac.uk (mrelay1.soas.ac.uk [193.63.73.38])
	by lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca (8.8.7/8.8.8) with ESMTP id NAA04326
	for <dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca>; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 13:21:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from exim by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with local (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k922-0004pM-00
	for dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:21:54 +0100
X-Failed-Recipients: jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com
From: Mail Delivery System <Mailer-Daemon@soas.ac.uk>
To: dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Subject: dam-l Mail delivery failed: returning message to sender
Message-Id: <E12k922-0004pM-00@mrelay1.soas.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:21:54 +0100
Sender: owner-dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Resent-Message-Id: <E12k95E-0004qw-00@mrelay1.soas.ac.uk>

This message was created automatically by mail delivery software.

A message that you sent could not be delivered to all of its recipients. The
following address(es) failed:

  jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com:
    SMTP error from remote mailer after end of data:
    host mc2.law5.hotmail.com [216.32.243.135]:
    554 Transaction failed

------ This is a copy of the message, including all the headers. ------

Return-path: <dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca>
Received: from soas-hub.soas.ac.uk ([193.63.73.201] helo=soas.ac.uk)
	by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k8wv-0004ns-00
	for jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:16:37 +0100
Received: from SOAS-HUB/SpoolDir by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47);
    25 Apr 00 18:15:51 GMT
Received: from SpoolDir by SOAS-HUB (Mercury 1.47); 25 Apr 00 18:15:33 GMT
Received: from SOAS-HUB/SpoolDir by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47)
  for <jm@soas.ac.uk>;  25 Apr 00 18:15:23 GMT
Resent-from: jm@soas.ac.uk
Resent-to: jonmcsweeney@hotmail.com
Resent-Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:15:23 GMT
X-Autoforward: 1
Received: from mrelay1.soas.ac.uk (193.63.73.38) by soas.ac.uk (Mercury 1.47) with ESMTP;
    25 Apr 00 18:15:12 GMT
Received: from lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca ([209.151.24.2] ident=root)
	by mrelay1.soas.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #1)
	id 12k8wF-0004nj-00
	for jm@soas.ac.uk; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 18:15:56 +0100
Received: from [[UNIX: localhost]] ([[UNIX: localhost]])
	by lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca (8.8.7/8.8.8) id NAA04164
	for dam-l-outgoing; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 13:12:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: (from dianne@localhost)
	by lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca (8.8.7/8.8.8) id NAA04158
	for dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 13:12:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from DaVinci.NetVista.net (mjdomo@mail.netvista.net [206.170.46.10])
	by lox.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca (8.8.7/8.8.8) with ESMTP id MAA03845
	for <dianne@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca>; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 12:40:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: [(from mjdomo@localhost)\n	by DaVinci.NetVista.net (8.10.0/8.8.8) id e3PFxjc08440\n	for irn-safrica-list; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 08:59:45 -0700 (PDT)\n	(envelope-from owner-irn-safrica@netvista.net)]
Received: [from [192.168.1.72] (router.irn.org [170.1.98.117])\n	by DaVinci.NetVista.net (8.10.0/8.8.8) with SMTP id e3PFxfW08431\n	for <irn-safrica@netvista.net>; Tue, 25 Apr 2000 08:59:41 -0700 (PDT)\n	(envelope-from lori@irn.org)]
X-Sender: lori@pop3.netvista.net
Message-Id: <v02140b00b52b723e7148@[192.168.1.72]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2000 09:04:15 -0700
To: irn-safrica@netvista.net
From: lori@irn.org (Lori Pottinger)
Subject: dam-l Stories on SA hearings for dam-affected/LS
Sender: owner-dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: dam-l@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca
Resent-Message-Id: <E12k8wv-0004ns-00@mrelay1.soas.ac.uk>

Dear All

For your interest - recent newspaper articles on the Southern African
Hearings for Communities affected by Large Dams. These are from The
Mercury, 20-21 April 2000.

Liane Greeff


PART ONE

"THE YEAR OF EATING BONES". First of a two-part series.

TONY CARNIE

NEXT time you turn on a tap, perhaps its time to spare a passing thought
for the 60 million odd people across the globe whose homes and history have
been devastated to bring water and electricity to our homes.
People like Mrs Josephina Khambule, who still lives in a little government
tin house, thirteen years after being evicted from a homestead now buried
beneath Inanda dam in KwaZulu Natal province, South Africa.
Or people like Chief David Syankusule, one of the 57 000 Tonga people from
Zambia and Zimabwe who made way for the Kariba Dam in the late 1950s.
"An African had no say in those days. The federal government decided they
were going to build a dam irrespective of whether we were going to accept
it or not," recalls Chief Syankusule.
"Our ancestors remained behind. Everything was buried by the water.
"Bloodshed was done to our side. Soldiers were sent to kill our people
because they did not want to move."
Thirty years later, the dam now provides electricity to millions of city-
dwellers in Harare, Lusaka and beyond. Industry has thrived and commercial
fishing companies have made a packet from kapenta fish harvests. Now
tourists from Europe and Japan can sip cocktails on houseboats in between
photographing the elephants and glorious African sunsets on Lake Kariba.
Yet the people in Chief Syankusule's area - the people who had to move -
are only being connected to the national electricity grid this year.
Across the lake in Binga, Zimbabwe, electricity only arrived in 1990.
Before the dam was built, the Tonga had access to clean, unpolluted water
from the fast-flowing Zambezi River.
Now the river has been replaced with a lake 260 km long and 30 km wide, yet
many of the people relocated to rockier and less fertile land have to
travel up to 15km to collect clean water.
"We are also suffering from water-borne diseases like bilharzia and malaria
because we live next to stagnant water," the chief says.
"So our children are running out of blood. They have thinning of the
bodies, just because of the malaria."
Fanuel Cumanzala of Binga recalls that his people were never wealthy in a
modern, material sense when they used to live on the banks of the Zambezi.
But they always managed to grow enough food for themselves.
But 1957 became known as "the year of eating bones".  Initially the
government provided the displaced Tongas with food. But then the supplies
dried up and the people were left to fend for themselves. At times they
survived eating roots and leaves.
But what is the point, 20 or 50 years later, in dredging up these sad tales
from the past. Ancient history, some would say.
The national interest comes before the interests of a handful of
individuals if we are to have development, electricity and guaranteed water
supplies.
Who could come up with the money, now, to compensate these communities? And
would money really heal the past and make things better?
These are some of the questions and case studies currently being collated
in Cape Town, headquarters of the World Commission on Dams.
The international commission, chaired by South African education minister
Kader Asmal, has been set up specifically to compile the world's first
comprehensive and independent review of the dam building frenzy of the past
ten decades.
It was born following a meeting in Switzerland three years ago, when the
World Bank and IUCN, the world's largest conservation union, held a major
workshop to discuss growing opposition to the continued construction of
major dams.
What emerged subsequently was a commission with a limited, two-year
lifespan to examine the arguments for and against dams; to recommend
alternatives to dams and to develop internationally acceptable criteria and
guidelines for planning, building, operating, monitoring and
decommissioning dams.
Its final report has be completed by August 2000.
It does not derive its mandate from the United Nations or the World Bank,
according to Prof Asmal - but from a broader range of interest groups such
as governments, anti-dam campaigners, financiers, donors, academics, power
companies, engineers and irrigations farmers.
"The fact that the Commission engages with all these sidesand not just with
the 'usual suspects' in the elite of the international development sector,
has encouraged widespread buy-in to the process."
Its difficult to imagine quite what will emerge from the process - though
one suspects that none of the parties will come away completely satisfied.
But over the past several months, researchers have been busy gathering
evidence from the "dam people" of Southern Africa, culminating in selected
representatives travelling to Cape Town to tell their stories.
And now a thick dossier of their first-hand accounts has just been
published with financial support from the Swedish Society for Nature
Conservation, Christian Aid and the Heinrich Boll Foundation.
Mostly, the dam people describe a common litany of betrayal and broken
promises. Stories about marginalised, politically-voiceless people in
remote areas who were taken for a ride.
Many of the stories date back to the bad old colonial and apartheid- era -
yet they also describe how mistakes continue to this day in countries
governed by ostensibly democratic governments.
* Read some of their stories in tomorrow's Mercury.

PART TWO

TONY CARNIE

Nearly 40 000 large dams have been built since 1895, bringing water
security, electricity and industrial development to billions of people
around the globe.
But the frenzy of dam building has also caused pain and despair for many of
the 60 million people whose homes and fields have disappeared underwater.
Representatives of these displaced communities gathered in Cape Town,
Cairo, South America and the Far East recently to tell their stories and to
ask the question: "Who really benefits from dams?" What they had to say
will form part of the final report of the World Commission on Dams, which
is due for release in August 2000.
These are extracts from some of the Southern African stories.

NAMIBIA and ANGOLA

Motjinduiko Mutambo Kapika is a member of the nomadic Himba people whose
homes and pastoral land are threatened by the proposed Epupa Dam on the
Cunene River.
"Our meetings have been broken up by heavily-armed personnel from the
Namibia Police . . . we wonder whether the government is serious about what
we think.
"When they first told us about the dam, they mentioned there would be a
water supply for us. But they didn't actually tell us it would inundate 180
sq km of Himba land."
"It is the State House that is still very much behind this project. It is a
big capital project and politically I think there is a lot of support for
it, 900 km away in Windhoek."
"But we, as the people who live there, say 'no', Because we were born there
and we are used to the life over there."
Mr Kapika says although only 1 000 Himba people in Namibia and Angola would
be physically displaced, the proposed Epupa Dam could affect as many as 10
000 Himba who rely on the Cunene river basin in times of poor rain.
During drought time, many households shift closer to the riverine forests
to water and graze their stock.
Some of the trees which grow here provide an abundant supply of nutritious
pods for their goats. The palm trees also offer a crucial source of
hundreds of tons of omarunga nuts for the people. This was how many people
survived in the drought of 1981.
They also fear that an influx of up to 1 000 construction workers will
bring sexually-transmitted diseases and HIV, alcoholism and prostitution to
the hitherto isolated community.
It is also unlikely that Himba, with no marketable skills and poor English,
will get formal jobs during construction.
"Our opposition to the dam does not stem from a blind rejection to all
forms of change, or from a lack of understanding of the project. We have
discussed the proposed dam in detail and have come to our own conclusions
independent of outside groups.
"Nothing we have been told convinces us that a hydropower development would
be in our interests."

BOTSWANA
The story of Olive Sephuma is one of the few heartening tales.
She represented the Okavango Liaison Group, a community organisation formed
in 1990 to examine the implications of a water-supply project to feed the
diamond mines of Orapa.
"Botswana is dry and the Okavango is green. There is constant pressure to
utilise these waters for development . . .  to commit collective theft,"
she said
Apart from supplying the diamond mines, the intention was to drain water
from one of the delta rivers and to construct three dams to  raise the
standard of living of poor people living near the Okavango delta.
"But when the contractors arrived to hire workers, the people started to
talk about their fears for the Okavango delta.
"They talked about how God made the desert and He made the Delta. which are
two contrasts you find in the Okavango setting.
"They asked how we, as man, think that we can turn delta into desert and
then desert into delta.
"And then they made reference to the fact that if naturally God made rivers
to flow in meanders - if that is their nature - then we cannot fiddle with
waters to the extent that we can take a meandering river and make it
straight."
Though the project was all set to go ahead in January 1991, a remarkable
thing happened.
The community called a kotla meeting and invited the government to to
debate the project.
"On January 11 the Minister finally came to the kotla. Usually one has from
50 to 100 people at a kotla meeting. But on this day 700 people turned up
and it lasted seven hours. Each and every community member who stood up
talked about how they did not want the plan and how it was not the right
thing to do, because you cannot fiddle with the environment in that way and
not expect to suffer in some way"
And the government dropped the project, said Ms Sephuma.
"The government did listen to us - and thats s a credit to the democratic
system whichour government uses to run this country."

SWAZILAND

Jameson Mcina and Ntokozo Ginindza spoke about their fears associated with
the construction of Maguga Dam.
"We want to make it clear that the fear about dams starts right at the
beginning. Right at the rumour stage. That is when people start to become
affected. They start leaving home because of the rumours.
"So we must have proper discussion right from the start. Yet we know that
each and every time a government takes over they all look at their
stomachs. They fill up their stomachs. They ignore the others - the
minorities."

LESOTHO

Didian Malisemelo Tau of Makotoko village came to talk about the Mohale Dam.
"The Lesotho Highlands Water Project people came in 1995 and told us to
move from our places because they will build a dam there which will help
the RSA with water.
"We were told that the factories and industries of RSA need water to
proceed with their work. We did not want to move, but the Lesotho Highlands
people promised to beautify our lives more than what we had and to increase
our buildings.
"So we agreed to move away to save many people's lives in RSA and we
trusted that the project would satisfy us with its promises."
Mr Tau said his people were promised jobs, schools and clinics as well as
compensation for fifty years for their mealie lands and vegetable gardens.
"So we signed down for all the things we were promised."
Yet the promised compensation did not materialise as they had hoped.
"Our new sites are very small and we don't have places for our animals and
kraals.
"Thousands of other people are working at Mohale Dam, but the people who
were resettled by the Lesotho Highlands project have tears running on down
their cheeks every day.
"Those people must fulfil what is signed down. They must not change what we
signed down..."
Benedict Leuta came to talk about the Katse Dam.
He said the construction of roads was the only benefit he could identify.
But the roads also destroyed many things. The road culverts, for instance,
exacerbated soil erosion in crop fields.
"We also noticed that more thieves came after the dam came. Almost every
farmer has had some animals stolen now. The roads allow thieves to steal
cattle and leave quickly during the night.
"The chiefs were bribed but we are the losers. I think South Africa gains
more from this project than Lesotho because we have not seen any of that
money that they are paying Lesotho.

SOUTH AFRICA
O'Brien Gcabashe, Paulos Gwala and Maxwell Meyiwa came to discuss the
impact of Inanda Dam outside Durban on the Qadi, Maphephetheni and the
Ngcolosi people.
"Up until today every promise has been broken. The community feels
unheard," said Mr Meyiwa.
"Nobody received any form of compensation," claimed Mr Gwala. "When the
families were moved they were promised houses. Instead there were given tin
houses. And the tin houses are so close together that it is impossible to
build extra rooms."
Mr O'Brien Gcabashe was sad, and angry.
In 1990, displaced people from the Qadi tribal authority were moved to a
new piece of land. But it had been occupied already by other homeless
people and the Qadi ended up in Ntuzuma township.
Later, in 1994, he discovered that the government had already paid R5,6
million rand into the account of the Qadi Tribal Authority in compensation
for lost land.
"We went to a meeting and the chairman asked the families if they wanted
the money or the land and they chose the money.
"Another meeting was arranged with our Inkosi. But on his arrival the
Inkosi told us that the money was for the whole tribe and not the 317
families affected by the dam. He further told us that whoever wanted the
money should go to court."
"We have asked the President of South Africa to intervene, but even today
nobody has come out to try and help."

Picture caption

FACES OF CONTRAST: Engineer Mr P Burger raises his arms to hail the
completion of the Inanda dam wall in 1989 (main picture). While the dam
signified another triumph for engineering and "development", it also
shattered the lifestyle of hundreds of people in the Inanda valley,
including Mrs Justine Ntshangase (inset) "They broke their promises about
giving us houses when we moved - and now many of us are still staying in
tin houses, or living with neighbours who can remove us at any time," she
complains.

Inset picture:  Helene Epstein.